Identification of contract with a customer
The Group reflects a contract with the customer only if the following criteria are met:
- the parties entered into agreement (in writing, orally or in accordance with other established commercial practices) and are committed to perform their obligations;
- the Group is able to identify the rights of each of the parties regarding the goods or services which are to be transferred;
- the Group is able to identify the payment terms for the goods and services which are to be transferred;
- the agreement has an economic content (i.e. it may be expected that as a result of the contract, the risk, the distribution in time or the amount of future cash flows of the Group will change); and
- it is probable that the Group receives consideration which is due to it in exchange for the goods or services which will be transferred to the customer.
When assessing whether the receipt of the amount of consideration is probable, the Group considers only the ability and the intent of the customer to pay the consideration amount in due time. The amount of consideration which will be due to the Group may be lower than the price determined in the contract, if the consideration is variable, because the Group may offer a price discount to the customer.
Identification of performance obligation
At the moment of entering into contract, the Group assesses the goods or services committed in the contract with the customer and identifies as performance obligation every commitment to transfer to the customer the goods or services (or a package of goods or services), which may be separated or a group of separate goods or services, which are basically the same and for which the transfer to the customer has the same characteristics.
The good or service committed are separate if the following conditions are jointly fulfilled:
- the customer may acquire benefits from the goods or services either directly or indirectly by relationship with other resources, which are easily accessible for the customer; and
- the commitment of the Group to transfer goods or services to the customer may be identified as separate in reference to other obligations specified in the contract.
Transaction price determination
In order to determine the transaction price, the Group considers the contract terms and conditions and the applied established commercial practices. The transaction price is a part of consideration, which in accordance with the Group expectation will be due to the Group in exchange for the committed goods and services transfer to the customer, except for the amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example some sales taxes). The consideration determined in the contract with the customer may cover fixed amounts, variable amounts or both.
Allocation of the transaction price to the particular performance obligation
The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation (or to a separate good or service) in the amount which reflects the amount of consideration, which in accordance with the expectation of the Group is due to the Group in exchange for the committed goods or services.
Performance obligation fulfilment
The Group recognises revenue at the moment of fulfilment of a performance obligation (or when fulfilment is pending) by way of transferring the committed goods or services to the customer.
In reference to the contracts applicable to ongoing services, based on which the Group is entitled to receive consideration from the customer in the amount which is directly equivalent to the value assumed by the customer for the performance to date, the Group recognises revenue in the amount due as at the moment of invoice issue.
Warranties
The Group provides warranties for sold products, which represent a commitment towards the customer that the respective product complies with the specification agreed by the parties. The Group recognises such warranties pursuant to IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets.
Contractual assets
Within contractual assets, the Group reflects the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer, if the right depends on a condition other than lapse of time (for example on future performance of the Group). The Group assesses whether there has or has not been an impairment of asset on account of the contract, at the same principle as is applicable to an asset under IFRS 9.
Contractual receivables
Within the receivables the Group recognises the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer, if the right is unconditional (the only condition of the consideration becoming due is the lapse of a certain time). The Group recognises receivables in accordance with IFRS 9. At the moment of initial recognition of receivables on account of the contract, any differences between the price of receivables under IFRS 9 and the respective previously recognised amount of revenue are reflected by the Group as cost (impairment loss).
Contractual liabilities
Under contractual liabilities the Group reflects the consideration received or due from the customer, to which a duty to transfer goods or services to customer is related.